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Inyigisho nyinshi mu myigaragam y'imbeba zikorwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, nubwo muri ibi bihe, bitandukanye n'abantu, imbe zikoresha ingufu nyinshi zikomeza ubushyuhe bw'imbere. Hano, dusobanura uburemere busanzwe nubushake bwatewe (dio) muri C57bl / 6j imbeba ya Fed Chow Chow cyangwa 45% ibinure byabyibushye. Imbeba zashyizwe iminsi 33 kuri 22, 25, 27.5 na 30 ° C. Muri sisitemu ya calorsetry itaziguye. Twerekana ko amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu mbaraga yiyongera kuva kuri 30 ° C kugeza kuri 22 ° C kandi afite hafi 30% kuri 30 ° C muri Model zombi. Mu mbeba zisanzwe ziremereye, gufata ibiryo birwanya eE. Ibinyuranye, imbeba za Dio ntibyagabanije ibiryo mugihe ee yagabanutse. Rero, iyo mpera yinyigisho, imbeba kuri 30 ° C yari ifite uburemere bwumubiri, ibyakozwe na plasma glycero na Triglycero kuruta imbeba kuri 22 ° C. Uburozi muri Dio MICE burashobora kubera guterwa imirire ishingiye ku binezeza.
Imbeba nicyitegererezo cyinyamanswa ikoreshwa mukwiga phsiologiya yumuntu na patopiologiya, kandi akenshi ninyamaswa zisanzwe zikoreshwa mubyiciro byambere byo kuvumbura ibiyobyabwenge niterambere. Ariko, imbeba zitandukanye kubantu munzira nyinshi zingenzi za physiogique, kandi mugihe bikamba bikoreshwa muburyo bumwe bwo guhindura abantu, itandukaniro rinini riri hagati yimbeba ndetse nimbeba ziryamye hamwe ningufu murugo. Ibi birerekana kutavuguruzanya. Impuzandengo yumubiri wimbeba zabakuze byibuze inshuro igihumbi kuruta uko abantu bakuru (50 kg), hamwe nubuso bwa metero 50 kugeza kumiterere ya geometrike idafite umurongo yasobanuwe na mee . Ikigereranyo cya 2. Nkigisubizo, imbeba zitakaza cyane ugereranije nubunini bwabo, kugirango barusheho kumva ubushyuhe, kandi bafite impuzandengo yikigereranyo, kandi ufite ikigereranyo cyimiterere yinkubo inshuro icumi zirenze iy'abantu. Ku bushyuhe busanzwe icyumba (~ 22 ° C), imbeba zigomba kongera amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu ingufu (ee) hafi ya 30% kugirango akomeze ubushyuhe bwumubiri. Ku bushyuhe bwo hasi, ee yiyongera cyane kuri 50% na 100% kuri 15 na 7 ° C ugereranije na EE saa 22 ° C. Rero, ibintu bisanzwe imiturire bitera igisubizo gikonje, gishobora guhungabanya kwimura imbeba, nkuko abantu baba muri societe igezweho bamara umwanya munini mubikorwa byabo mubunini bituma tutiyumvamo ubushyuhe, mugihe dukora akarere ka TNZZONALL (TNZ) hafi yacu. Ee hejuru ya Basal Metabolic Igipimo cya Metabolic) Spans ~ 19 ° C6, mugihe imbeba zifite hejuru Kandi band band bag bakubita 2-4 ° C7,8 Mubyukuri, iyi ngingo y'ingenzi yahawe ubwitonzi buhebuje mu myaka yashize, 7,8,112 kandi byasabwe itandukaniro rimwe na rimwe "rishobora kuba Gutandukana no kongera ubushyuhe bwa Shell 9. Ariko, nta bwumvikane ku bushyuhe bugizwe na teroforeutautaugana mu rubibe. Rero, niba ubushyuhe bwo hasi bukomeye mububiko bwa thermoneutral muri imbeba imwe-imwe yegereye 25 ° C cyangwa hafi ya 30 ° C4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 12 hatavugwa impaka. Ee hamwe nibindi bipimo bya metabolike byagarukiye gusa kumasaha kumunsi, bityo urugero rwo guhura nigihe kirekire kubushyuhe butandukanye birashobora kugira ingaruka kumibare itandukanye irashobora kugira ingaruka kumibare itandukanye irashobora kugira ingaruka kumibare itandukanye nkibipimo byumubiri bidasobanutse. Gukoresha, Gukoresha umutwe, kwihanganira glucose, na plapma lipid ya plapide na glucose hamwe nubushuhe-bugenga imisemburo. Mubyongeyeho, ubundi bushakashatsi burakenewe kugirango hamenyekane urugero ruzengurutse ubunezi bushobora guhindura ibi bipimo (imbeba za dio kumafunguro y'ibinure byinshi bishobora kugirirwa nabi cyane (hedonic). Kugira ngo dutange amakuru menshi kuriyi ngingo, twasuzumye ingaruka zo kurera ubushyuhe kuri metabolant yavuzwe haruguru mu mirire mibi y'amapfa n'imirire. Imbeba zabitswe kuri 22, 25, 27.5, cyangwa 30 ° C byibuze ibyumweru bitatu. Ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 22 ° C ntabwo bwizwe kuko amazu asanzwe adakunze kuba munsi yubushyuhe bwicyumba. Twasanze ibisanzwe-uburemere bwa Dio Dio Dio yashubije muburyo bumwe kugirango ahindure ubushyuhe bwuzuye muburyo bwa ee na tutitaye kumiterere ya eE na Old cyangwa idafite ibikoresho). Ariko, mugihe imbeba zisanzwe zuburemere zahinduye ibiryo byayo ukurikije ee, ibiryo byibiribwa bya Dio byari byigenga byigenga kuri ee, bitigenga byigenga kuri eE, bikavamo imbeba zibona uburemere. Dukurikije amakuru yuburemere bwumubiri, plasma yibanze kuri lipid nubwara ya ketone bwerekanye ko imbeba ya dio kuri 30 ° C yari ifite amafaranga angana na 30 ° C afite imbaraga nziza kuruta imbeba kuri 22 ° C. Impamvu zishingiye ku itandukaniro riringaniye ingufu na eE hagati yuburemere busanzwe na Dio biba bijyanye nimpinduka za pathice muburyo bwa dio ningaruka zo kurya ibinezeza nkibisubizo byimirire mibi.
Ee yiyongereye umurongo kuva kuri 30 kugeza kuri 22 ° C kandi yari afite imyaka 30% kuri 22 ° C ugereranije na 30 ° C (FIG. 1a, B). Igipimo cy'ivunjisha (ReR) cyigenga ubushyuhe (Ishusho 1c, d). Gufata ibiryo byari bihuye na ee imbaraga za ee hanyuma wiyongereye ugabanye ubushyuhe (nanone ~ 30% hejuru kuri 40 ° C (Ishusho. 1g). -K).
Imbeba y'abagabo (C57BL / 6J, ibyumweru 20 bishaje, amazu ku giti cye, n = 7) byacumbikiwe mu kazu ka 22 ° C. Mu cyumweru kimwe mbere yo kwiga. Iminsi ibiri nyuma yo gukusanya amakuru yinyuma, ubushyuhe bwagaragaye muri 2 ° C Kwiyongera kuri 06:00 kumunsi (intangiriro yicyiciro cyoroheje). Amakuru yerekanwe nkuburyo busanzwe bwo gusobanura, kandi icyiciro cyijimye (18: 00-06: 00 h) gihagarariwe nisanduku nziza. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu ingufu (KCAL / H), B Amafaranga yose yakoreshejwe mu bushyuhe butandukanye (KCAL / 24 H), DILLO2), DCO2 / VI2) icyiciro (Agaciro ka zeru bisobanurwa nka 0.7). e ibiryo byo gukusanya ibiryo (g), f 24h 24h ibiryo byose, g 24h amazi yose (ml 24h amazi yose, ndagukorera hamwe na j / 24h). ). Imbeba zabitswe ku bushyuhe bwerekanwe ku masaha 48. Amakuru yerekanwe kuri 24, 26, 28 na 30 ° reba amasaha 24 yanyuma ya buri ruziga. Imbeba zakomeje kugaburirwa mu bushakashatsi bwose. Akamaro k'ibarurishamibare kageragejwe no gupima inshuro imwe ANOva akurikirwa na Tukey's nyinshi zo kugereranya. Inyenyeri yerekana akamaro kambere ka 22 ° C, Shading yerekana akamaro hagati yandi matsinda nkuko bigaragara. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001.Impuzandengo ya Promont yabazwe mugihe cyose cyubushakashatsi (amasaha 0-192). n = 7.
Nko mu rubanza rw'ibibero bisanzwe biremereye hamwe n'umurongo ugabanuka, kandi muri uru rubanza, ee na we yari agera kuri 30% kuri 30 ° C (FIG. 2a, b). Rer ntabwo yahinduye mubushyuhe butandukanye (Ishusho 2c, d). Bitandukanye nimbeba zisanzwe zuburemere, gufata ibiryo ntabwo bihuye na ee nkigikorwa cyubushyuhe bwicyumba. Gufata ibiryo, gufata amazi, nibikorwa byibikorwa byari byigenga ubushyuhe (imitini. 2e-j).
Umugabo (C57BL / 6J, ibyumweru 20) Imbeba za Dio zari zishingiye ku giti cye mu kazu ka metero ya 22 ° C. mu cyumweru kimwe mbere yo kwiga. Imbeba zirashobora gukoresha 45% hfd ad libitum. Nyuma yo kumenyera iminsi ibiri, amakuru yibanze yakusanyijwe. Nyuma yaho, ubushyuhe bwazamuwe mu kwiyongera bwa 2 ° C buri munsi kuri 06:00 (intangiriro yicyiciro cyoroheje). Amakuru yerekanwe nkuburyo busanzwe bwo gusobanura, kandi icyiciro cyijimye (18: 00-06: 00 h) gihagarariwe nisanduku nziza. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu ingufu (KCAL / H), B Amafaranga yose yakoreshejwe mu bushyuhe butandukanye (KCAL / 24 H), DILLO2), DCO2 / VI2) icyiciro (Agaciro ka zeru bisobanurwa nka 0.7). e ibiryo byo gukusanya ibiryo (g), f 24h 24h ibiryo byose, g 24h amazi yose (ml 24h amazi yose, ndagukorera hamwe na j / 24h). ). Imbeba zabitswe ku bushyuhe bwerekanwe ku masaha 48. Amakuru yerekanwe kuri 24, 26, 28 na 30 ° reba amasaha 24 yanyuma ya buri ruziga. Imbeba zakomeje kuri 45% HFD kugeza igihe ubushakashatsi burangiye. Akamaro k'ibarurishamibare kageragejwe no gupima inshuro imwe ANOva akurikirwa na Tukey's nyinshi zo kugereranya. Inyenyeri yerekana akamaro kambere ka 22 ° C, Shading yerekana akamaro hagati yandi matsinda nkuko bigaragara. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** Р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** Р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001.Impuzandengo ya Promont yabazwe mugihe cyose cyubushakashatsi (amasaha 0-192). n = 7.
Mu rundi ruhererekane rw'ubushakashatsi, twasuzumye ingaruka z'ubushyuhe nyaburanga ku gipimo kimwe, ariko iki gihe kiri hagati yitsinda ryimbeba ryahoraga ribikwa ku bushyuhe runaka. Imbeba zagabanijwemo amatsinda ane kugirango ugabanye impinduka zibarurishamibare muburyo butandukanye nuburemere bwumubiri, ibinure, nuburemere bwumubiri (Ishusho bisanzwe (Ishusho ya 3a-c). Nyuma yiminsi 7 yo kwinjiza, iminsi 4.5 ya eE yanditswe. EE igira ingaruka cyane kubushyuhe bwibidukikije haba kumasaha yo kumanywa nijoro (fig. 3d), kandi yongera umurongo uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka kuva 27.5 ° C kugeza kuri 22 ° C (FIG. 3e). Ugereranije n'andi matsinda, Rer ya 25 ° C yagabanutse, kandi nta tandukaniro riri hagati y'amatsinda asigaye (FIG. 3F, G). Ibiryo byo guhuriza ibiri kuri ee byiyongereyeho hafi 30% kuri 22 ° C ugereranije na 30 ° C (FIG. 3h, i). Gukoresha amazi nibikorwa byibikorwa ntabwo bitandukanye cyane hagati yitsinda (FIG. 3J, k). Guhura nubushyuhe butandukanye bugera kuri 33 ntabwo biganisha ku itandukaniro mu buremere bw'umubiri, ubwinshi bw'imisumari hagati y'amatsinda (FIG. 3n-s, ariko byaviriyemo kugabanuka k'umubiri wa 15% ugereranije na amanota yo kwiyitirira (Ishusho 3n-s). 3b, r, c)) hamwe na misa y'ibinure byiyongereye inshuro zirenga 2 (kuva ~ 1 g kugeza 2-3 g, Ishusho ya 3c, c). Kubwamahirwe, 30 ° C Inama y'Abaminisitiri ifite amakosa ya calibration kandi ntashobora gutanga amakuru ya ee na reor.
- Uburemere bwumubiri (a), misa imenetse (b) hamwe na misa yabyibushye (c) nyuma yiminsi 8 (umunsi umwe mbere yo kwimura sisitemu ya sable). d Kunywa imbaraga (KCAL / H). e impuzandengo yo gukoresha ingufu (amasaha 0-108) ku bushyuhe butandukanye (KCAN / 24 amasaha). F Ingurana Ibipimo (RER) (VCO2 / VO2). g bivuze rer (vco2 / vo2). h ibiryo byose (g). Ndashaka kuvuga gufata ibiryo (g / 24). J Ibyiciro byamazi (ML). K impuzandengo y'amazi (ML / 24 H). l Urwego rwibikorwa (M). m impuzandengo y'ibikorwa (M / 24 H). n uburemere bwumubiri kumunsi wa 18, o Guhindura muburemere bwumubiri (kuva--kugeza kumunsi wa 18), p misa yumunsi wa 18, q ihinduka muri misa imenetse (kuva--misa kumunsi wa 18 , hanyuma uhindure mubinure (kuva -8 kugeza kumunsi 18). Akamaro kabarurishamibare yingamba zisubirwamo zageragejwe na Oneway-anova ikurikirwa na Tukey Ikizamini Cyugereranya na Tukey. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, *** p <0,001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, *** p <0,001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001.Amakuru yerekanwe nkuko byasobanuwe + ikosa risanzwe ryibisobanuro, icyiciro cyijimye (18: 00-06: 00 h) ihagarariwe namasanduku yumukara. Utudomo kuri Histogramu igereranya imbeba kugiti cye. Impuzandengo ya Filime yabazwe mugihe cyose cyubushakashatsi (amasaha 0-108). n = 7.
Imbeba zahujwe nuburemere bwumubiri, misa imenetse, hamwe na misa yabyibushye kuri Baseline (Imitini. 4A-c) kandi ibungabungwa kuri 22, 25,5, na 30 ° C nk'Ubushakashatsi busanzwe buremereye. . Mugihe ugereranya amatsinda yimbeba, umubano uri hagati ya ee nubushyuhe ryerekanye umubano usa nubushyuhe mugihe cyimbeba zimwe. Rero, imbeba yabitswe kuri 22 ° C yakoresheje imbaraga zigera kuri 30% kuruta imbeba yabitswe kuri 30 ° C (FIG. 4D, e). Mugihe wiga ingaruka mumatungo, ubushyuhe ntabwo buri gihe bwagize ingaruka kuri ReR (Ishusho 4f, g). Gufata ibiryo, gufata amazi, nibikorwa ntabwo byagize ingaruka cyane kubushyuhe (imitini. 4h-m). Nyuma yiminsi 33 yo kurera, imbeba kuri 30 ° C yari ifite uburemere bwumubiri cyane kuruta imbeba kuri 22 ° C (FIG. 4n). Ugereranije ingingo z'ibanze, imbero zarezwe kuri 30 ° C yari ifite uburemere bwumubiri burenze urugero ku mbe z'imbeba kuri 22 ° C (bisobanura ikosa risanzwe ryo gusobanura: Ishusho. 4o). Amafaranga yo kwiyongera cyane yatewe no kwiyongera kwa misa yibinure (fig. Bihuye na EE yo hepfo ya EE kuri 30 ° C, Imvugo yibice byinshi bya Bat byongera imikorere / ibikorwa byagabanijwe kuri 30 ° C ugereranije na 22 ° C: ADRA1A, ADRB3, na Prdm16. Ibindi bisobanuro byingenzi binatera imikorere / ibikorwa bitagejejweho: Amabwiriza yo Gukura (TFAM1, ADRBIM, ADRBHORANYA, PLUCONORSAL) Igitangaje, UCP1 na Vegf-a, bifitanye isano nibikorwa bya TheRogenic, ntabwo byagabanutse muri 30 ° C. Mubyukuri, urwego rwa UCP1 muri imbibi eshatu zari hejuru yitsinda rya 22 ° C, na vegf-a na ADRB2 bashyizwe hejuru cyane. Ugereranije na 22 ° C Itsinda, imbebyo zakomeje kuri 25 ° C na 27.5 ° e ntacyo yerekanye (igishushanyo cyinyongera 1).
- Uburemere bwumubiri (a), misa imenetse (b) hamwe na misa yabyibushye (c) nyuma yiminsi 9 (umunsi umwe mbere yo kwimura sisitemu ya sable). d Kunywa ingufu (EE, KCAL / H). e impuzandengo yo gukoresha ingufu (amasaha 0-96) ku bushyuhe butandukanye (KCAN / 24 amasaha). F Guhana Ibipimo (ReR, VCO2 / VO2). g bivuze rer (vco2 / vo2). h ibiryo byose (g). Ndashaka kuvuga gufata ibiryo (g / 24). J Ibyiciro byamazi (ML). K impuzandengo y'amazi (ML / 24 H). l Urwego rwibikorwa (M). m impuzandengo y'ibikorwa (M / 24 H). n uburemere bwumubiri kumunsi wa 23 (g), o guhindura uburemere bwumubiri, p misa ya misa ya lean (g) kumunsi wa 9, impinduka mumisatsi (g) saa 23, ibinure Misa (G) ugereranije n'umunsi wa 8, umunsi wa 23 ugereranije n'umunsi wa cumi. Akamaro kabarurishamibare yingamba zisubirwamo zageragejwe na Oneway-anova ikurikirwa na Tukey Ikizamini Cyugereranya na Tukey. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** Р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** Р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001.Amakuru yerekanwe nkuko byasobanuwe + ikosa risanzwe ryibisobanuro, icyiciro cyijimye (18: 00-06: 00 h) ihagarariwe namasanduku yumukara. Utudomo kuri Histogramu igereranya imbeba kugiti cye. Ibisobanuro indangagaciro zabazwe mugihe cyose cyubushakashatsi (amasaha 0-96). n = 7.
Kimwe n'abantu, imbe zikunze guteza microenviamer kugirango kugabanya igihombo cyubushyuhe kubidukikije. Kugira ngo tumenye akamaro k'ibi bidukikije kuri EE, twasuzumye EE saa 22, 25, 27.5, na 30 ° C, hamwe cyangwa nta bikoresho byimpungenge n'ibikoresho byo kurera. Kuri 22 ° C, hiyongereyeho uruhu rusanzwe rugabanya eE hafi ya 4%. Ibisubizo byakurikiyeho Ibikoresho byo gutwaza EE na 3-4% (Ishusho 5a, b). Nta mpinduka zikomeye muri rer, gufata ibiryo, gufata amazi, cyangwa urwego rwibikorwa byagaragaye hiyongereyeho amazu cyangwa uruhu + kubeshya (Ishusho 5i-p). Ongeraho ibikoresho byo kuruhu no kureba kandi byagabanije cyane ee saa 25 na 30 ° C, ariko ibisubizo byari bito. Kuri 27.5 ° C nta tandukaniro ryagaragaye. Ikigaragara ni uko muri ubwo bushakashatsi, ee yagabanutseho ubushyuhe bwongera, muri uru rubanza ahagana kuri 57% munsi ya 30 ° C (FIG. 5c-H). Isesengura rimwe ryakozwe gusa ku cyiciro cyo mucyo, aho ee yegeraga ku gipimo cy'ibiciro by'ibanze, kuva muri uru ruganda ahanini rushingiye ku ruhu, bikaviramo ingaruka zigereranywa ku bushyuhe butandukanye (Ishusho y'inyongera. 2A-H) .
Amakuru yimbeba avuye mu icumbi no kurera ibikoresho (ubururu bwijimye), urugo ariko nta bikoresho byo kubamo (ubururu bworoshye), no murugo nibikoresho bya orange (orange). Ingufu (EE, KCAL / H) ku byumba a, c, e na g kuri 22, 25, 27.5 na 30 ° C, b, b bisobanura ee (kcal / h). IP amakuru yimbeba yinjijwe kuri 22 ° C: Njye I: ReR, VOR, VO2 / j Amazi yose yafashe (ML), n impuzandengo y'amazi gufata auc (ml / 24h), o Ibikorwa byose (m), urwego rwibikorwa byibikorwa (M / 24H). Amakuru yerekanwe nkuko byasobanuwe + ikosa risanzwe ryibisobanuro, icyiciro cyijimye (18: 00-06: 00 h) ihagarariwe namasanduku yumukara. Utudomo kuri Histogramu igereranya imbeba kugiti cye. Akamaro kabarurishamibare yingamba zisubirwamo zageragejwe na Oneway-anova ikurikirwa na Tukey Ikizamini Cyugereranya na Tukey. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * Р <0,05, ** Р <0,01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * Р <0,05, ** Р <0,01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01.Impuzandengo ya Filime yabazwe mugihe cyose cyubushakashatsi (amasaha 0-72). n = 7.
Mu mbeba isanzwe (amasaha 2-3 yo kwiyiriza ubusa), kurera ubushyuhe butandukanye ntabwo byaturutse ku itandukaniro rikomeye muri plasma twibanze kuri tg, 3-HB, Cholesterol, ariko HDL nkibikorwa byubushyuhe. Igishushanyo 6a-e). Kwiyiriza ubusa Ibikorwa bya Leptin, insuline, C-Peptide, na Glucagon nabyo ntibatandukanye hagati y'amatsinda (imibare 6G-j). Ku munsi w'ikizamini cyo kwitonganya glucose (nyuma yiminsi 31 kubushyuhe bwamaraso ya glucose (amasaha 5-6 yo kwiyiriza ubusa) yari mm ya 6.5, nta tandukaniro riri hagati yitsinda. Ubuyobozi bwa Glucose ya Glucose bwiyongereyeho amaraso ya glucose cyane mumatsinda yose, ariko haba ahantu heza hamwe no mu gice cyimbeba (Iauc) (Iaucs) (Iaun Min) yari munsi yitsinda ryimbeba ryaboshye kuri 30 ° C (P. <0.05-P <0.0001, Igishushanyo Ubuyobozi bwa Glucose ya Glucose bwiyongereyeho amaraso ya glucose cyane mumatsinda yose, ariko haba ahantu heza hamwe no mu gice cyimbeba (Iauc) (Iaucs) (Iaun Min) yari munsi yitsinda ryimbeba ryaboshye kuri 30 ° C (P. <0.05-P <0.0001, Igishushanyo Пероралое введение глюко повиало повыкозырон во пруппах как поновая Концентраци ки приращь приращения При уппе грер (Отдельные временные уп <0,05-P <0,0001 РазличаЛИсь между собой). Ubuyobozi bwo mu kanwa bwa glucose bwiyongereyeho cyane amaraso glucose mu matsinda yose, ariko haba ahantu higeze kwibanda no mu gace ka miliyoni (Iauc) (IAUC) (5.05- P <0.0001, FIG.口服葡萄糖的给药显着增加了所有组的血糖浓度, 但在 30 ° C 饲养的小鼠组中, 饲养的小鼠组中 下 增加面积 (Iauc) (15-120 分钟) 均较低 (各个时间点: P <0.05-P <0.0001, 图 6k, l) 与饲养在 22,25 和 27.5 ° C. (的小鼠 (的小鼠 (的小鼠 (的小鼠 (的小鼠 (的小鼠 (的小鼠) 相比.口服 葡萄糖 的 给 药 显着 显着 所有组 的 的 血糖 的 但 在 在 在 在 在 30 ° C 小鼠组 面积 (IAUC 面积 (15-12) (15-12) (15-120 均 较 低 各 个 点 点 点点 点: P <0.05-P < 0.0001, 图 6K, L) 与饲养在 22,25 和 27.5 ° C 的小鼠 (彼此之间没有差异) 相比.Ubuyobozi bwo mu kanwa bwa glucose bwiyongereyeho cyane amaraso glucose mu matsinda yose, ariko byombi byibandaho n'akarere karimo umurongo (Iauc) (15-120 min).: P <0,05-P <0,0001, Р р. : P <0.05-P <0.0001, FIG.6l, l) ugereranije n'imbeba yabitswe kuri 22, 25 na 27.5 ° C (nta itandukaniro ryabandi).
Plasma concentrations of TG, 3-HB, cholesterol, HDL, ALT, AST, FFA, glycerol, leptin, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon are shown in adult male DIO(al) mice after 33 days of feeding at the indicated temperature . Imbeba ntabwo zagaburiwe amasaha 2-3 mbere yo gutoranya amaraso. Ibidasanzwe ni ikizamini cyo kwihanganira umunwa wa Glucose, cyakozwe iminsi ibiri mbere yuko ubushakashatsi bwimpera ku masaha 5-6 kandi abitswe ku bushyuhe bukwiye iminsi 31. Imbeba zavuguruye hamwe nuburemere bwumubiri 2 G / KG. Agace kari munsi yumurongo (l) kigaragazwa nkamakuru yiyongera (Iauc). Amakuru yatanzwe nkuko bivuze ± SEM. Utudomo rugereranya ingero kugiti cye. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7.
Muri Dio imbeba (nanone yiyiriza ubusa amasaha 2-3), Plasma Cholesterol, HDL, ATL, AST, na FFA, na FFA, na FFA ntabwo byatandukaniye hagati y'amatsinda. TG na Glycerol byombi byazamuwe cyane mumatsinda 30 ° C ugereranije na 22 ° C Itsinda (Imibare 7A-H). Ibinyuranye, 3-GB byari hafi 25% munsi ya 30 ° C ugereranije na 22 ° C (Ishusho 7b). Rero, nubwo imbeba zakomeje kuri 22 ° C zifite imbaraga zingufu muri rusange, nkuko byasabwe kunguka ibiro, itandukaniro ryibanze kuri TG, Glycerol, na 3-HB yerekana ko imbeba ziri munsi ya 22 ° C. ° C. Imbeba zarezwe kuri 30 ° C zari muburyo bugereranije. Bihuye nibi, umwijima wibanze kuri glycerol na tg, ariko ntabwo ari glycogen na cholesterol, bari hejuru mumatsinda 30 ° C (Igishushanyo cyinyongera. 3A-d). Gukora iperereza niba itandukaniro rishingiye ku bushyuhe muri Lipolysise (nkuko ripimwa na Plasma Tg na Glycerol) ni ibisubizo by'imihindagurikire y'imbere mu gihe cyo kwiga no kubahiriza aside ku buntu ex Vivo. no kurekura glycerol. Mu matsinda yose ageragejwe, ashimangira Ingero zo muri Epididymal na Inguinal zerekanaga byibuze ubwiyongere bubiri muri Glycerol na FFA mu rwego rwo gusubiza Isoprotenol. Imitibe yinyongera. 4A-D). Ariko, nta ngaruka zubushyuhe bwo gushyurwa kuri basanal cyangwa isoproterenol-ishimwe ya liplyse yabonetse. Bihuye nuburemere bwumubiri nibyibushye, urugero rwa plapma leptin cyane muri make mumatsinda ya 30 ° C kuruta mumatsinda ya 22 ° C (Ishusho 7i). Ku ruganda runyuranye, Plasma wa Insuline na C-Peptede ntibyari bitandukanye hagati y'amatsinda y'ubushyuhe (Ishusho 7k, k), ariko muri uru rubanza rwegereye kwishingikiriza ku bushyuhe, ariko muri uru rubanza hafi ya 22 ° mu itsinda ritandukanye ryagereranijwe kabiri kugeza 30 ° C. Kuva. Itsinda C (Ishusho 7l). FGF21 ntabwo yari itandukanye hagati yitsinda ryubukumbuga (Ishusho 7m). Ku munsi wa OGTT, Amaraso ya Baseline yari hafi mm 10 kandi ntiyatandukaniye hagati yimbeba icungwa kubushyuhe butandukanye (Ishusho 7n). Ubuyobozi bwo mu kanwa bwa Glucose bwiyongereyeho imirongo ya Glucose kandi ikananigera mumatsinda yose mugihe cyiminota 15 nyuma yiminota 15 nyuma yo guhagarara. Nta tandukaniro rikomeye muri IAUC (15-120 min) kandi twibanda ku bihe bitandukanye byerekana ko nyuma y'ibihe (15, 30, 60, 90 na 120 na 120, O).
Plasma Yibanze kuri TG, 3-HB, Cholesterol, HDL, ATL, FFA, GLPINE, FGF21 Imbeba za Dio (Ao), na FGF21 ubushyuhe bwihariye. Imbeba ntabwo zagaburiwe amasaha 2-3 mbere yo gutoranya amaraso. Ikizamini cyo kumvugo cya Glucose cyari kidasanzwe kuko cyakozwe mu gipimo cya 2 G / KG ibirori byumubiri iminsi ibiri kandi bikaba byihishe mu masaha 5-6 kandi bikomeza ku bushyuhe bukwiye iminsi 31. Agace kari munsi yamakuru yumurongo (o) cyerekanwa nkamakuru yiyongera (Iauc). Amakuru yatanzwe nkuko bivuze ± SEM. Utudomo rugereranya ingero kugiti cye. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 7.
Inzitizi zamakuru ya Rogent kubantu nigiciro kitoroshye kigira uruhare runini mugusobanura akamaro ko kwitegereza murwego rwubushakashatsi bwa physiologique na farumasi. Kubwimpamvu zubukungu no koroshya ubushakashatsi, imbeba zikunze kubikwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba munsi yakarere kabo gatandukanye yongera urugero rwa metero zitandukanye ziyongera kandi birashoboka ko gahunda ishobora kubambwa9. Rero, gushimangira imbeba zikonje birashobora gutanga imbeba irwanya umubyibuho ukabije kandi birashobora gukumira hyperglycemia muri stperktotocine-imbeba zivuwe kubera ubwikorezi bwa Glucose. Ariko, ntibisobanutse neza urugero rwo guhura nubushyuhe butandukanye (kuva mucyumba kugeza kuri thermoneutel) bigira ingaruka ku mbaga isanzwe yubuzima (ku birindiro) na metabolac, hamwe nurwego aho bashoboye kuringaniza ubwiyongere muri eE hamwe no kwiyongera. Ubushakashatsi bwatanzwe muri iyi ngingo bugamije kuzana ubwumvikane kuriyi ngingo.
Twerekana ko muburyo busanzwe bwuburemere bwibihe hamwe na dio yumugabo, ee ntabwo bifitanye isano nubushyuhe bwicyumba hagati ya 22 na 30 ° C. Rero, ee saa 22 ° C yari hafi 30% kurenza kuri 30 ° C. muri moderi zombi. Ariko, itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yimbeba zisanzwe zuburemere nuburinganire ntabwo ari imbeba zisanzwe zuburemere ee kubushyuhe bwo hasi uhindura ibiryo kubwibyo, gufata ibiryo byimbeba byatandukanye mu nzego zitandukanye. Ubushyuhe bwo kwiga bwari busa. Nyuma yukwezi kumwe, imbeba ya Dio yabitswe kuri 30 ° C yungutse ibiro byinshi hamwe na metero y'ibinure kuruta imbeba. itandukaniro riterwa nuburemere bwumubiri. imbeba z'uburemere. Ugereranije nubushyuhe hafi yubushyuhe cyangwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba, gukura mucyumba cyicyumba cyatewe nimbeba zisanzwe cyangwa ntabwo biri mu mirire mirire yuburemere kugirango ubone uburemere bukabije. umubiri. Gushyigikirwa n'andi masomo17,18,19,20,20,21 ariko sibyo kuri bose22,23.
Ubushobozi bwo gukora microenvinonment kugirango igabanye igihombo cyubushyuhe hagamijwe guhinduranya ubushyuhe8, 12. Mu bushakashatsi bwacu, byongeyeho ibikoresho bya ee ariko byatumye hatabo hatanuwe kugeza kuri 28 ° C. Rero, amakuru yacu ntabwo ashyigikiye ko ingingo nkeya yo kubungabunga ibibyimba byose byijimye, hamwe namazu ashingiye kubidukikije, agomba kuba afite imyaka 26-28, ariko ashyigikira ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana. temperatures of 30°C in low point mice7, 10, 24. To complicate matters, the thermoneutral point in mice has been shown not to be static during the day as it is lower during the resting (light) phase, possibly due to lower calorie Umusaruro uko ibikorwa n'ibikorwa byatewe n'imirire. Rero, mu cyiciro cyo mucyo, ingingo yo hasi yo kutabogama mu buryo bweruye bihinduka ~ 29 °., No mu cyiciro cyijimye, ~ 33 ° ~ 33 ° С25.
Ubwanyuma, umubano hagati yubushyuhe bwibidukikije hamwe no gukoresha ingufu byose bigenwa nubushuhe. Ni muri urwo rwego, igipimo cyo hejuru yubuso kugeza ku mabuye yubushyuhe, kibangamira gutandukana kw'ubushyuhe (ahantu hagaragara) nubushyuhe). Usibye ahantu hashyizwe ahagaragara, kwimura ubushyuhe nabyo bigenwa namakuru (igipimo cyo kohereza ubushyuhe). Mubantu, ibinure bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe mu gukora inzitizi yo kwigunga kumubiri, kandi yasabwe ko imbaga yabyibushye kandi igabanya ibitekerezo byumuhanda no kugabanya ibitekerezo byubushyuhe munsi yintoki zidafite aho zibogamiye ( umurongo uhanamye). ubushyuhe bwibidukikije ugereranije na ee) 12. Inyigisho yacu ntabwo yari igamije gusuzuma neza iyi mibanire ishingiye kuko amakuru yumubiri yakusanyijwe iminsi 9 mbere yuko amakuru akoreshwa na ingufu yakusanyijwe kandi kuberako amavuta adahagaze mubushakashatsi. Ariko, kubera ko ibibyimba bisanzwe hamwe na Dio bifite 30% ee saa 30 ° C kuruta kuri 22 ° C ugereranije na 22 ° C ugereranije byibuze byibuze byibuze. Ikintu, byibuze ntabwo kiri mubushyuhe bwiperereza. Ibi bihuye nubundi bwishakashatsi bwagenewe gushakisha ubu 424. Muri ubwo bushakashatsi, ingaruka zikizana zibyibuhobyi ni nto, ariko ubwoya bwabonetse kugirango itange 30-50% yubushyuhe 4,24. Ariko, mu mbeba zapfuye, umutware wubushyuhe yiyongereyeho hafi 450% akimara gupfa, agaragaza ko ingaruka zubuya nk'ubwo, zirimo VasoContriction, ku kazi. Usibye gukomeza gutandukanya imbeba ndetse n'abantu, ingaruka mbi zikagira umubyibuho ukabije mu mbeba zirashobora no guterwa n'ibintu bikurikira: ubugari bw'ibinure (ubugari) 26,27. Mubisanzwe mumyanda ziri munsi ya 20% yinyamanswa yose28. Mubyongeyeho, ibinure byose ntibishobora no kuba igipimo cya suboptimal cyumutima wumuntu ku giti cye, nkuko byatonganaga ko ubushyuhe bwumuriro butangwa nububiko bwubusa (bityo bigatuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera) nkuko ibinure byiyongera. .
Mu mbeba zisanzwe z'uburemere, kwiyiriza ubusa plasma kwibanda kuri tg, 3-HB, Cholesterol, HDL, Alt, na Ast, birashoboka ko imbeba zari mu rwego rwo gushyira mu gaciro. byari bimwe muburemere nibigize umubiri mugihe cyo kwiga. Bihuye nibisa na misa yibinubyi, nta tandukaniro ryamayobe ya Plasma Leptin, cyangwa mu kwiyiriza ubusa insuline, C-Pepte, na Glcagon. Ibimenyetso byinshi byabonetse mu mbondo za dio. Nubwo imbeba kuri 22 ° C nayo ntabwo yari ifite ingufu muri rusange muriyi ntara (kuko yarungutse uburemere), nyuma yubushakashatsi bwari busanzwe ugereranije nimbeba zagereranijwe na 30 ° C, mubihe nka Ketone. Umusaruro numubiri (3-GB) no kugabanuka kwibanda kuri Glycerol na TG mubilma. Ariko, itandukaniro rishingiye ku bushyuhe muri Lipolysise ntirigaragara ko ari ibisubizo by'impinduka z'imbere mu mavuta ya epiporeymone cyangwa ibinure bya lipase Amatsinda asa narwo. Nubwo tudakora iperereza ku majwi y'impuhwe mu bushakashatsi ubu, abandi babonye ko (bishingiye ku gipimo cy'umutima no gusobanura igituba cya arterial) bifitanye isano n'umutekano ku miterere ya 30 ° C kuruta kuri 22 ° C Kurenza 22 ° C C Gutyo, Itandukaniro rishingiye ku bushyuhe muri Tone yimpuhwe zishobora kugira uruhare muri Lipolysise mubyigisho byacu, ariko kuva kwiyongera kwimpuhwe aho kubuza Lipolysise, izindi Uburyo bushobora kurwanya iyi igabanuka ryimbeba zumuco. Uruhare rushobora gusenya ibinure byumubiri. Ubushyuhe bw'icyumba. Byongeye kandi, igice cyingaruka kibabaje cyamajwi yimpuhwe kuri lipolyse yatangajwe no kubuza insuline kuri liplysion ntibihagije guhindura liplise. Ahubwo, twasanze itandukaniro riri muburyo bw'ingufu bishoboka cyane umusanzu nyamukuru muri ibyo bitandukanye mu mbondo za Dio. Impamvu ziyobowe ziganisha ku kubwiriza neza ibiryo hamwe na ee muburyo busanzwe bwimibare busaba ubundi bushakashatsi. Muri rusange, ariko, gufata ibiryo bigenzurwa na COMOSTIC na Hedonic Cues31,32,33. Nubwo hari impaka zijyanye nibimenyetso byombi ni ngombwa cyane, 31,32,33 Birazwi ko ibiryo birebire biganisha ku myitwarire ishingiye ku binezeza bishingiye ku binezeza HomeOstasis. . - Gufata ibiryo byinshi 34,35.36. Kubwibyo, imyitwarire yo kugaburira Hedonike yimbondo ya Dio yavuwe na 45% HFD irashobora kuba imwe mu mpamvu zituma iyi mbeba ituma imbeba itaringaniza ibiryo hamwe na eE. Igishimishije, itandukaniro ryo kurya no guteza amaraso glucose nanone nanone byagaragaye mu mbondo zayobowe n'ubushyuhe, ariko ntabwo ari imbeba zisanzwe. Muri Dio imbeba, urwego rwa Plasma Leptin rwiyongereyeho ubushyuhe kandi urwego rwa Glucago rwagabanutse nubushyuhe. Urwego ubushyuhe bushobora guhindura itandukaniro riteziyo kuburyo butandukanye nibindi byikoresha, ariko kubijyanye na Leptin, ugereranije nibinure binini mu mibiri ya 22 ° C rwose byagize uruhare runini mu mibiri mit bifitanye isano cyane37. Ariko, gusobanura ibimenyetso bya Glucagon biratangaje. Kimwe na insuline, gusohora glucagon byabujijwe cyane kwiyongera kw'ijwi ry'impuhwe, ariko ijwi ry'impuhwe zikomeye zahanuwe ko riri mu itsinda rya 22 ° C, rifite kwibanda ku majyaruguru ya Plasma Glucagon. Insuline nindi mategeko akomeye ya Plasma Glucagon, kandi insuline irwanya insuline na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bufitanye isano cyane no kwiyiriza hamwe no kwiyiriza ubusa na postpiratial Hyperglucagonemia 38,39. Ariko, imbeba za dio mu kwiga kwacu nazo ntiwumvaga, bityo rero ntizishobora no kuba ikintu nyamukuru mu kwiyongera kw'ibimenyetso bya Glucago mu matsinda ya Gane mu itsinda rya 22 ° C. Ibinure by'umwijima nabyo bifitanye isano na byo kandi byiyongereyeho kwiyongera kwibanda kuri Plasma Glucagon, hashobora kubaho imibereho ya Hepatike 42. Ariko, kubera ko imfashanyigisho zikurura Glycerol na TG ntiryatandukanije amatsinda yubushyuhe mubyigisho byacu, ibi kandi ntibishobora kuba ikintu gishobora kuba cyiyongereyeho kwibanda muri Plasma mu itsinda rya 22 ° C. Indiotiothyeronine (T3) zigira uruhare runini mu gipimo rusange cya metaboll no gutangiza inkweto z'indaya kuri hypothermia43.44. Rero, ubushakashatsi bwa Plasma T3, bishoboka ko bugenzurwa nuburyo bushingiye ku bisobanuro, 45,46 byiyongera mu mbeba zombi ndetse n'abantu munsi ya thermoneutyreb4, nubwo ubwiyongere bw'abantu ari buto, bukaba buke cyane ku mbeba. Ibi bihuye nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. We did not measure plasma T3 concentrations in the current study, but concentrations may have been lower in the 30°C group, which may explain the effect of this group on plasma glucagon levels, as we (updated Figure 5a) and others have shown that T3 yongera Plasma GLUCON muburyo bushingiye kuri Dose. Hormodi ya Thyroid yamenyeshejwe ko yateye imvugo ya FGF21 mu mwijima. Like glucagon, plasma FGF21 concentrations also increased with plasma T3 concentrations (Supplementary Fig. 5b and ref. 48), but compared to glucagon, FGF21 plasma concentrations in our study were not affected by temperature. The underlying reasons for this discrepancy require further study, but T3-driven FGF21 induction should occur at higher levels of T3 exposure compared to the observed T3-driven glucagon response (Supplementary Fig. 5b).
HFD yerekanwe ko yajyanye cyane no kwihanganira glucose itoroherwa na insuline (ibimenyetso) mu mbeba zarezwe kuri 22 ° C. Ariko, HFD ntabwo yari ifitanye isano na glucose ya glucose yitonda cyangwa insuline mugihe gihingwa mubidukikije (byasobanuwe hano nka 28 ° C) 19. Mu bushakashatsi bwacu, iyi mibanire ntabwo yigana mu mbeba za dio, ariko imbeba zisanzwe zishingiye kuri 30 ° C ziteye agaciro glucose kwihanganira glucose. Impamvu yo gutandukanya iri tandukaniro isaba ubundi bushakashatsi, ariko irashobora gutwarwa nuko imbeba za Dio mu myigire yacu, hamwe na Plasma C-peptide concentractions inshuro 12-20 zirenze imbeba zisanzwe. no mu maraso ku gifu cyuzuye. Glucose Yibanze kuri MM 10 (hafi mm igera kuri 6 muburemere busanzwe bwumubiri), bisa nkaho bisiga idirishya rito kubibazo byose bishobora guhura nibibazo bya markoco Ikintu gishoboka kitiranya ni uko, kubwimpamvu zifatika, ogtt ikorwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Rero, imbeba zishingiye ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru zahuye nubukonje bworoheje, bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri glucose ijyanye / kwemeza. Ariko, ukurikije ibintu bisa na maraso ya glucose mumatsinda yubushyuhe butandukanye, impinduka mubushyuhe bwibidukikije ntirishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, byagaragaye ko byongera ubushyuhe bwo mucyumba bishobora kumenyekana kubitekerezo bimwe bitunguranye, bishobora guhamagarira ibibazo byanduye abantu b'imbeba. Ariko, ntibisobanutse neza ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukomeza imbeba kuri phsiologiya yumuntu. Igisubizo cyiki kibazo kirashobora kandi guterwa nurwego rwo kwiga no kwiba. Urugero rwibi ni ingaruka zimirire kumubiri wumwijima, uburwayi bwa glucose na insuline119. Ku bijyanye n'amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu ingufu, abashakashatsi bamwe bemeza ko ubushyuhe bwiza ari ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kurera, kuko abantu bakeneye imbaraga nke z'inyongera kugira ngo bakomeze ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wabo, kandi bisobanura ubushyuhe bumwe bw'intebe z'umubiri, kandi bisobanura ubushyuhe bwa lap ku mbiribe zikuze nka 30 ° C7,10. Abandi bashakashatsi bemeza ko ubushyuhe bugereranywa n'uko abantu bakunze kubonana n'imbeba zabakuze ku ivi rimwe ni 23-25 ° C, uko babonye ko ubuvuzi bwa C, bashingiye ku bantu bari munsi ya 3 ° C. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi bukomeye, busobanurwa hano nka 23 ° C, ni muto 8.12. Inyigisho yacu ihuye nubundi bushakashatsi bwinshi buvuga ko kutabogama gukatagerwaho saa 26-28 ° 7, 10, 11, 25, 25, byerekana ko 23-25 ° C iri hasi cyane. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi ugomba gusuzuma kijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwo mucyumba n'ubucuku mu rubibe ni ingaragu cyangwa amazu y'itsinda. Iyo imbeba zari zicumbikiwe mumatsinda aho kuba kugiti cye, nko mu bushakashatsi bwacu, kumva ubushyuhe byaragabanutse, bishoboka ko bitewe no kwiyongera kw'inyamaswa. Nyamara, ubushyuhe bwicyumba bwari bukiri munsi ya Ltl ya 25 mugihe amatsinda atatu yakoreshejwe. Ahari itandukaniro ryingenzi muriyi mbonerahamwe nubusobanuro bwimiterere yibikorwa byabaga nkirinda hypothermia. Rero, mugihe imbeba nyinshi zishyuwe igihombo kinini cya Calorie mu kongera ibikorwa bya bat, birenga 60% ee saa kumi n'ebyiri, 51,52 Umusanzu wibikorwa bya Bate muntu kuri EE kuri EE byari hejuru cyane, bito cyane. Kubwibyo, kugabanya ibikorwa byabari birashobora kuba inzira yingenzi yo kongera ubusobanuro bwabantu. Amabwiriza y'ibikorwa byabana aragoye ariko akenshi asukurwa ningaruka ziterwa ningaruka za Adrenergic, imisemburo ya tiroyide na UCP114,54,55,55,56,56,56,56.57 imvugo. Amakuru yacu yerekana ko ubushyuhe bugomba kuzamurwa hejuru ya 27.5 ° C ugereranije imbeba kuri 22 ° C kugirango tumenye itandukaniro mu gutanga isomo rya Bat hamwe na geni zishinzwe imirimo / gukora. Ariko, itandukaniro riboneka hagati y'amatsinda kuri 30 na 22 ° C ntabwo buri gihe yerekanaga kwiyongera mubikorwa bya Batt muri 22 ° C GRAT kuko UCP1, ADRB2 na Vegf-A amanikwa mumatsinda ya 22 °. Intandaro yibisubizo bitunguranye bisigaye bigenwa. Ibishoboka bimwe nuko imvugo yabo yiyongera ntishobora kwerekana ikimenyetso cyubushyuhe bwicyumba cyamamaye, ahubwo ni ingaruka zikomeye zo kuyiyobora kuva kuri 30 ° C kugeza kuri 22 ° C kumunsi wo gukuraho (imbeba zahuye niyi minota 5-10 mbere yo gufatanya) . ).
Ingaruka rusange yubushakashatsi bwacu nuko twize imbeba zabagabo gusa. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana ko uburinganire bushobora kuba bufite ishingiro ryingenzi mubimenyetso byacu byibanze, nkuko imbeba z'umugore umwe ni ubushyuhe bukabije kubera ubushyuhe bwo hejuru no kubungabunga byinshi bigenzurwa n'ubushyuhe buke. Byongeye kandi, imbeba z'umugore (kuri HFD) zerekanaga ishyirahamwe rinini ryingufu hamwe na EE saa 30 ° C ugereranije nimbeba zabagabo zitwara imbeba nyinshi zubudahuje igitsina (20 ° C muriki kibazo) 20. Rero, mu mbeba z'umugore, hagira ingaruka ibintu byinshi kandi bifite icyitegererezo kimwe nko mu mbeba zabagabo. Mu bushakashatsi bwacu, twibanze ku mbeba imwe y'igitsina gabo, kuko ibi nibihe bimwe mubyigisho byinshi muri metabolic Gusuzuma EE bikorwa. Indi mipaka yo kwiga ni uko imbeba zari ku ndyo imwe mu bushakashatsi, bugwiriye kwiga akamaro k'ubushyuhe bwa metabolalic (nkuko bipimwe na ReR guhindura imirire muburyo butandukanye bwa macroronutrient). Mu mbeba z'umugore n'umugabo wabitswe kuri 20 ° C ugereranije imbeba uhuye na 30 ° C.
Mu gusoza, ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekana ko, nko mu bundi bushakashatsi, lap 1 imbeba zisanzwe z'uburemere harimo thermoneuty hejuru ya 27.5 ° C. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekana ko umubyibuho ukabije utari ikintu gikomeye cyo kwigana mu mboro hamwe n'uburemere busanzwe cyangwa dio, bikavamo ubushyuhe busa: Ikigereranyo cya EE cya Dio na Mice. Mugihe ibiryo byokurya byimbeba bisanzwe byahuye na EE bityo bikomeza uburemere bwumubiri bwose, ibiryo byibiribwa bya Dio byari bimwe mubice byinshi byimbeba kuri 30 ° C. . kuri 22 ° k yungutse uburemere bwumubiri. Muri rusange, ubushakashatsi buri gihe busuzuma akamaro ko gutura munsi yubushyuhe bwa thermoneuTral bitemewe kubera kwihanganira abantu nabi hagati yimbeba nubushakashatsi bwabantu. Kurugero, mubushakashatsi bwimitombe, ibisobanuro igice kuri rusange muri rusange birashobora kuba biterwa nuko muri Muteri ugabanuka uburemere busanzwe bishimangira inyamaswa zitoroshye zabitswe ku bushyuhe bwa ee. Gutakaza ibiro birenze urugero ugereranije nuburemere bwumubiri bwumuntu, byumwihariko niba uburyo bwo gukora bushingiye kuri EE mu kongera ibikorwa bya bap, bikaba bikora cyane kandi bigakora mubushyuhe bwicyumba kuruta kuri 30 ° C.
Dukurikije amategeko ashakisha imari yo muri Danemark (1987) n'ibigo by'ubuzima by'ubuzima (igitabo cyo mu Burayi yo kurengera Vertebrate ikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi n'ibindi bya siyansi (Inama y'Uburayi No 123, Strasbourg , 1985).
Icyumweru cya makumyabiri na kigeze mu gitsina gabo c57bl / 6j zabonetse kuva Janvier Saint Berthevin CEdEx, Ubufaransa, kandi yahawe ad litum 1324) n'amazi y'isaha 12:12. ubushyuhe bw'icyumba. Imbeba za Dio (ibyumweru 20) zabonetse ku mutanga umwe kandi zahawe indyo ya AD LIGHT (injangwe., NJ, USA) N'AMAZI MU BIKORWA. Imbeba zamenyerejwe ibidukikije mu cyumweru mbere yo gutangira kwiga. Iminsi ibiri mbere yo kwimurwa muri sisitemu ya Caloyetry itaziguye, imbeba zapimwe, zigasigaranye MRI.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyigishushanyo mbonera cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 8. Impimba yimuriwe ku gishushanyo cya Calorimetry gifunze kandi gifite ubushyuhe muri Salor Stress. urwego rwibikorwa mugupima ibiti. XYZ. Imbeba (n = 8) zari zicukuwe kugiti cye saa 22, 27.5, cyangwa 30 ° c ukoresheje uburiri ariko ntakibindi hamwe nicyo kintu cyijimye. . 2500ml / min. Imbeba zashyizwe mu minsi 7 mbere yo kwiyandikisha. Amajwi yakusanyirijwe iminsi ine ikurikiranye. Nyuma yaho, imbeba zabitswe ku bushyuhe buba afite imyaka 25. Hagati aho, amatsinda y'imbeba yabitswe kuri 22 ° C yashyizwe kuri ubu bushyuhe iminsi ibiri (gukusanya amakuru mashya y'ibanze), hanyuma ubushyuhe bwiyongereye mu ntambwe ya 2 ° C buri munsi mu ntangiriro yicyiciro cya 2 06:00) kugeza igihe ugera kuri 30 ° C Nyuma yibyo, ubushyuhe bwamanuwe bugera kuri 22 ° C namakuru yakusanyijwe indi minsi ibiri. Nyuma yiminsi ibiri yinyongera yo gufata amajwi kuri 22 ° C, uruhu rwiyongereye muri selile zose kubushyuhe bwose, kandi gukusanya amakuru byatangiye kumunsi wa kabiri (umunsi wa 17) no muminsi itatu. Nyuma yibyo (umunsi wa 20), ibikoresho byo kubamo (8-10 g) byongewe muri selile zose mugitangiriro cyumucyo (06:00) namakuru yakusanyijwe indi minsi itatu. Rero, iyo mpera yinyigisho, imbeba yabitswe kuri 22 ° C yabitswe kuri ubu bushyuhe bwa 21/33 na 22 ° C muminsi 8 ishize, mugihe imbeba yubutunzi yabitswe kuri ubu bushyuhe muminsi 33. / Iminsi 33. Imbeba zagaburiwe mugihe cyo kwiga.
Imbero isanzwe na Dio yakurikije inzira imwe yo kwiga. Ku munsi -9, imbeba zapimwe, MRI scaneri, kandi igabanyijemo amatsinda agereranywa n'uburemere bw'umubiri no guhimba umubiri. Ku munsi -7, imbeba zamuriwe ku bushyuhe bwagenzuwe na Calorimetry butaziguye cyakozwe na System Sisitemu International (Nevada, Amerika). Imbeba zari zishingiye ku giti cye hamwe na bedding ariko nta kwikuramo cyangwa kubaha ibikoresho. Ubushyuhe buteganijwe kugera kuri 22, 25, 27.5 cyangwa 30 ° C. Nyuma yicyumweru kimwe cyo kumenyekana (iminsi -7 kugeza 0, inyamaswa ntizihungabanye), amakuru yakusanyijwe muminsi ine ikurikiranye (iminsi 0-4, amakuru yerekanwe mumitini. 1, 2, 5). Nyuma yaho, imbeba yabitswe kuri 25,5.5 na 30 ° C yabitsweho iteka kugeza umunsi wa 17. Muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe bwo mu itsinda cya 22 ° C bwariyongereye mu gihe cya 2 ° C buri munsi uhindura ubushyuhe (06:00 H) mu ntangiriro yo kwerekana urumuri (amakuru yerekanwe ku gishushanyo 1) . Ku munsi wa 15, ubushyuhe bwagabanutse kuri 22 ° C hamwe n'iminsi ibiri yamakuru yakusanyijwe kugirango atange amakuru yibanze kubitekerezo byakurikiyeho. Uruhu rwongeyeho imbeba zose kumunsi wa 17, kandi ibikoresho byorenge byongewe kumunsi wa 20 (FIG. 5). Ku munsi wa 23, imbeba zapimwe kandi zigasikana mri Scanning, hanyuma zigasigara wenyine amasaha 24. Ku manywa ya 24, imbeba zari zihishe kuva mu ntangiriro ya Photoperiod (06:00) kandi yakiriwe Ogtt (2 G / KG) saa 12h00 (amasaha 6-1 yo kwiyiriza ubusa). Nyuma yaho, imbeba ni bo basubijwe mu bihe byabo byera kandi bamara ku munsi wa kabiri (umunsi wa 25).
Dio MICE (n = 8) yakurikiranye protocole imwe nkimbeba zisanzwe (nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru ndetse no ku gishushanyo cya 8). Imbeba zakomeje 45% HFD yose mubushakashatsi bukoreshwa n'ingufu.
VO2 na VCO2, kimwe nigitutu cyumwuka wamazi, byanditswe kuri inshuro 1 hz hamwe nigihe gito burigihe kuva 2,5. Ibiryo n'amazi byakusanyirijwe hamwe bikomeza gufata amajwi (1 HZ) yuburemere bwibiryo n'amazi. Igenzura ryiza ryakoreshejwe ryatangaje gukemura 0.002 g. Urwego rwibikorwa rwanditswe hakoreshejwe Monitor ya 3D XYZ yakusanyijwe mubyemezo byimbere kuri 240 HZ kandi bivuga buri segonda byose byagenze (m) hamwe nicyemezo cyiza cya cm 0.25. Amakuru yatunganijwe na sisitemu ya Sama Umusemuzi wa Macro yashyizweho kugirango asohoke amakuru kubipimo byose buri minota itanu.
Usibye kugenzura eE, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije nabyo birashobora kugenzura izindi ngingo za metabolism, harimo na postpracism za glucose ya glucose glucose glucose, mu kugenzura ibanga rya hormosse-metaboling. Kugerageza iyi hypothesis, twarangije kwiga ubushyuhe bwumubiri bitera imbeba zisanzwe zuzuye hamwe na glucose umutwaro wa dio (2 g / kg). Uburyo busobanurwa muburyo burambuye mubikoresho byinyongera.
Kwiga (Umunsi wa 25), imbeba zari zihishe amasaha 2-3 (guhera kuri 06:00), anestelized hamwe na isoflurane, kandi avuza rwose na ponifuncture ya retroorbital. Umubare wa lipids na hopmones na lipids mu mwijima basobanurwa mubikoresho byiyongera.
Gukora iperereza niba ubushyuhe bwa Shell butera impinduka zimbere mu kwerekana tissue igira ingaruka kuri liplysise, inguinal na epididmal bahima ingirangingo zituruka kumpapuro nyuma yicyiciro cyanyuma cyo kuva amaraso. Imyenda yatunganijwe ukoresheje ibyahoze iteye iteye iteye ishozi yo gusuzuma yasobanuwe muburyo bwiyongera.
Brown ashimangira tissue (bat) yakusanyijwe kumunsi wimpera yinyigisho kandi itunganywa nkuko byasobanuwe muburyo bwinyongera.
Amakuru yatanzwe nkuko bivuze ± SEM. Igishushanyo cyashizweho muburyo bwo gushushanya 9 (La Jolla, CA) n'ibishushanyo byahinduwe mu ishusho ya Adobe (Adobe Synes, San Jose, CA). Akamaro k'ibarurishamibare kasuzumwe mu gishushanyo mbonera kandi kigeragezwa hamwe na T-Ikizamini, hakurikiraho anova hakurikiraho ikizamini kinini cya Tukey, cyangwa inzira imwe ya anova ikurikirwa na Tukeya Kugereranya Ikizamini cya Tukey nkuko bikenewe. Gukwirakwiza Gaussian yamakuru yemejwe na D'Adstino-pearson ikizamini gisanzwe mbere yo kwipimisha. Ingano yicyitegererezo igaragazwa nigice kijyanye n '"ibisubizo", kimwe no mu migani. Gusubiramo bisobanurwa nkibipimo byose byafashwe ku nyamaswa imwe (muri vivo cyangwa ku cyitegererezo cy'imiti). Kubijyanye no kubyara amakuru, ishyirahamwe rifite amafaranga yakoreshejwe ingufu nubushyuhe bwerekanwe mubushakashatsi bune bwigenga ukoresheje imbeba zitandukanye hamwe nigishushanyo nkicyo cyo kwiga.
Porotokole irambuye, ibikoresho, hamwe namakuru yisi arahari kubisabwa byumvikana kuva umuyobozi wayoboye RUTE E. Kuhre. Ubu bushakashatsi ntabwo bwatanze reage nshya idasanzwe, inyamaswa za transenic / imirongo selile, cyangwa amakuru akurikiranye.
Kubindi bisobanuro ku gishushanyo mbonera, reba Ubushakashatsi bwa Kamere Raporo ivuga ko "
Amakuru yose agize igishushanyo. 1-7 yashyizwe mu bubiko bwa siyanse, nimero yo kwinjira: 1253.11.Snsiondb.0//doi..Or.57760/sionsb Amakuru yerekanwe muri Esm arashobora koherezwa kuri Rune e kuhre nyuma yo kwipimisha neza.
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Rebaley, RJ & Macdougald, imbeba za oa nkicyitegererezo cyubushakashatsi kuri phsiologiya yumuntu: mugihe impamyabumenyi nyinshi mubushyuhe bwamazu. Rebaley, RJ & Macdougald, imbeba za oa nkicyitegererezo cyubushakashatsi kuri phsiologiya yumuntu: mugihe impamyabumenyi nyinshi mubushyuhe bwamazu. Rebaley, RJ & MacDougald, Oa Мыши как эксперименталь длявека: Келольоков жадусов в житль Значие. CORLEY, RJ & Macdougald, imbeba za oa nkicyitegererezo cyubushakashatsi kuri phsiologiya yumuntu: mugihe impamyabumenyi mike mu rugo rugira icyo uhindura. Rebaley, RJ & Macdougald, OA 小鼠作为人类生理学的实验模型: 当几度的住房温度很重要时. Rebaley, RJ & Macdougald, OA Мыши Rebaley, RJ & Mac Ими заненение. CORLEY, RJ & Macdougald, imbeba ya oa nkurugero rwibigeragezo bya phsiologiya yumuntu: iyo impamyabumenyi mike yubushyuhe bwicyumba.Metabolism yigihugu. 3, 443-445 (2021).
Fischer, Aw, Cannon, B. & Nedyergaard, J. Igisubizo cyikibazo "Ni ubuhe bushyuhe bwiza bwo guhindura imbeba igeragezwa ku bantu?" Fischer, Aw, Cannon, B. & Nedyergaard, J. Igisubizo cyikibazo "Ni ubuhe bushyuhe bwiza bwo guhindura imbeba igeragezwa ku bantu?" Fischer, Aw, Cannon, B. & Nedyergaard, J. Igisubizo cyikibazo "ni ikihe cyumba cyiza cyo kwimura imbeba igeragezwa ku bantu?" Fischer, Aw, Cannon, B. & Nedyergaard, J. 问题的答案 "将小鼠实验转化为人类的最佳外壳温度是多少?" Fischer, Aw, Cannon, B. & Nedyergaard, J.Fisher Aw, Cannon B., na Nedergaard J. Ibisubizo byikibazo "Niki chell igipfukisho cyiza cyo kwimura imbeba igeragezwa ku bantu?"Yego: THERMOTRAL. Moore. metabolism. 26, 1-3 (2019).
Kohereza Igihe: Ukwakira-28-2022
